This paper presents a numerical investigation of mixed convection heat transfer around a pair of identical circular cylinders placed in side-by-side arrangement inside a square cavity of single inlet and outlet ports. The investigation provided the analysis of gradual effect of aiding thermal buoyancy on upward flow around cylinders and its effect on heat transfer rate. For that purpose, the governing equations involving continuity, momentum and energy are solved using the commercial code ANSYS-CFX. The distance between cylinders is fixed with half-length of cavity. The simulation is assumed to be in laminar, steady, incompressible flow within range of following conditions: Re = 1 to 40, Ri = 0 to 1 at Pr = 0.71. The main obtained results are shown in the form of streamline and isotherm contours in order to interpret the physical phenomena of flow and heat transfer. The average Nusselt number is also computed and presented. It was found that increase in Reynolds number and/or Richardson number increases the heat transfer. Also, aiding thermal buoyancy creates new form of counter-rotating zones between cylinders.

The ferrofluid flow model of the Shliomis and continuity equation for the film and porous interface with the theory of Darcy, the modified Reynolds equation for ferrofluid squeeze film between curved annular plates is discussed with the impact of the rotation of Ferro-particles and slip velocity at the boundary. Beavers and Joseph’s slip conditions are adopted to study the impact of slip velocity. The generalized non-dimensional pressure equation is derived and expression for dimensionless load-carrying capacity is obtained for the same. The graphical representation suggests that the bearing's performance enhances due to ferrofluid, considering the appropriate values of parameters for slip velocity and porosity.

In this paper, we give a short overview of the basic concept of stress integration for inelastic material models. This methodology was introduced by the author, initially for thermo-elasticplastic and creep deformation of metals, termed as ‘effective-stress-function’ (ESF), and then generalized to the ‘governing parameter method’. These formulations were further implemented in several geological material models. The author built this methodology into the finite element program ADINA, while they were introduced into the PAK program by other PAK authors, after publications in the relevant journals given here in the list of references. This methodology has also been extended to other material models cited here in the references, and served as the basic concept for these models. Only a few simple examples are borrowed from our previous publications since numerous applications of the PAK code over decades to real engineering problems are available in references, in various journals, reports, and books; some of these are given in this monograph.