This paper presents a comparative analysis of numerical simulations of blood flow through the left ventricle using SPH (LS-DYNA) and FVM (Ansys Fluent) solvers. Numerical simulations based on SPH and FVM methods can provide a more comprehensive understanding of cardiac blood flow patterns. In Fluent, left ventricle walls were modeled as boundary conditions with zero fluid velocity, while in the LS-DYNA software the walls were modeled with fixed particles. Boundary conditions were also prescribed on the appropriate regions (inlet, outlet, symmetry). In both programmes, inlet and outlet velocities were defined using table functions corresponding to the real cardiac cycle. For generating fluid flow in SPH, injection particles at mitral valve and deactivation planes at aortic semilunar valve were used. Numerical analysis results are given comparatively in both cases at the corresponding times. By comparing the results, it can be concluded that SPH can be efficiently used for the analysis of blood flow through the left ventricle. Although the modeling procedure, as well as the calculation itself, takes much longer to execute using SPH, this method offers possibilities such as studying FSI phenomena or tracking the movement of particles through the fluid domain.
Elbaz MSM, Geest RJ, Calkoen EE, Roos A, Lelieveldt BPF, Roest AAW, et al. Assessment of viscous energy loss and the association with three-dimensional vortex ring formation in left ventricular inflow: In vivo evaluation using four-dimensional flow MRI. *Magnetic Resonance in Medicine*. 2016;77(2):794–805.
4.
Eriksson J, Dyverfeldt P, Engvall J, Bolger AF, Ebbers T, Carlhäll CJ. Quantification of presystolic blood flow organization and energetics in the human left ventricle. *American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology*. 2011;300(6):2135–41.
5.
Gingold RA, Monaghan JJ. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics: Theory and application to non-spherical stars. *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. 1977;181:375–89.
6.
Kojić M, Filipović N, Stojanović B, Kojić N. *Computer modeling in bioengineering: Theoretical background, examples and software*. 2009.
7.
Libersky LD, Petschek AG, Carney TC, Hipp JR, Allahdadi FA. High strain Lagrangian hydrodynamics: A three-dimensional SPH code for dynamic material response. *Journal of Computational Physics*. 1993;109:67–75.
8.
Liu G, Liu M. *Smoothed particle hydrodynamics*. 2003.
9.
Corporation LST. *LS-DYNA theory manual*. 2022;
10.
Lucy LB. A numerical approach to the testing of fusion process. *Astronomical Journal*. 1977;88:1013–24.
11.
Mele D, Smarazzo V, Pedrizzetti G, Capasso F, Pepe M, Severino S, et al. Intracardiac flow analysis: Techniques and potential clinical applications. *Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography*. 2019;32(3):319–32.
12.
Milošević M. *CAD solid and field*. 2022;
13.
Monaghan JJ, Pongracic H. Artificial viscosity for particle methods. *Applied Numerical Mathematics*. 1985;1:187–94.
14.
Moosavi MH, Fatouraee N, Katoozian H, Pashaei A, Camara O, Frangi AF. Numerical simulation of blood flow in the left ventricle and aortic sinus using magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics. *Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering*. 2014;17(7):740–9.
15.
Pedrizzetti G, Canna G, Alfieri O, Giovanni T. The vortex—An early predictor of cardiovascular outcome? *Nature Reviews Cardiology*. 2014;11(9):545–53.
16.
Tomašević S, Milošević M, Milićević B, Simić V, Prodanović M, Mijailovich S, et al. Computational modeling on drugs effects for left ventricle in cardiomyopathy disease. *Pharmaceutics*. 2023;15(3):793.
17.
Vacondio R, Altomare C, Leffe M, Hu X, Le Touzé D, Lind S, et al. Grand challenges for smoothed particle hydrodynamics numerical schemes. *Computational Particle Mechanics*. 2021;8:575–88.
18.
Vignjević R, Campbell J. Brief review of development of the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. In: *Proceedings of IConSSM 2011 – The 3rd International Congress of Serbian Society of Mechanics*, Vlasina Lake, Serbia. 2011.
19.
Xu F, Kenjereš S. Numerical simulations of flow patterns in the human left ventricle model with a novel dynamic mesh morphing approach based on radial basis function. *Computers in Biology and Medicine*. 2021;130:104184.
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
